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  1. ↑ Roizen NJ, Patterson D.Down's syndrome. Lancet. 2003 12 April;361(9365):1281-9. Review. PMID 12699967
  2. ↑ Pendaftaran Orang Kurang Upaya.
  3. ↑ "Definition of Brushfield's Spots". 
  4. ↑ "Keep Kids Healthy article on Down syndrome".  Parameter |accessedate= tidak diketahui diabaikan (bantuan)
  5. ↑ Strom, C. "FAQ from Mosaic Down Syndrome Society". Dicapai 2006-06-03. 
  6. ↑ McClure HM, Belden KH, Pieper WA, Jacobson CB. Autosomal trisomi in a chimpanzee: resemblance to Down's syndrome. Science. 1969 5 September;165(897):1010-2. PMID 4240970
  7. ↑ "Down's syndrome recreated in mice". BBC News. 2005-09-22. Dicapai 2006-06-14. 
  8. ↑ Bagi gambaran karyotaip manusia lihat Mittleman, A. (editor) (1995). "An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomeclature". Dicapai 2006-06-04. Selenggaraan CS1: Extra text: senarai pengarang (link)
  9. 1 2 3 "Down syndrome occurrence rates (NIH)". Dicapai 2006-06-02. 
  10. ↑ Mosaic Down syndrome on the Web
  11. ↑ Petersen MB, Tranebjaerg L, McCormick MK, Michelsen N, Mikkelsen M, Antonarakis SE. Clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular genetic characterization of two unrelated patients with different duplications of 21q. Am J Med Genet Suppl. 1990;7:104-9.PMID 2149934
  12. ↑ Hook, E.B. (1981). "Rates of chromosomal abnormalities at different maternal ages". Obstet Gynecol. 58: 282.  PMID 6455611
  13. ↑ Based on estimates by National Institute of Child Health & Human Development "Down syndrome rates". Dicapai 2006-06-21. 
  14. ↑ Center for Disease Control (6 January 2006). "Improved National Prevalence Estimates for 18 Selected Major Birth Defects, United States, 1999-2001". Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 54 (51 & 52): 1301–1305.  Check date values in: |date= (bantuan)
  15. ↑ http://www.medicinenet.com/down_syndrome/page2.htm#risk
  16. ↑ http://www.marchofdimes.com/baby/birthdefects_downsyndrome.html
  17. ↑ Anggaran dari "National Down Syndrome Center". Dicapai 2006-04-21. 
  18. 1 2 For a current estimate of rates, see Benn, PA, J Ying, T Beazoglou, JFX Egan. "Estimates for the sensitivity and false-positive rates for second trimester serum screening for Down syndrome and trisomi 18 with adjustments for cross-identification and double-positive results". Prenatal Diagnosis. 21 (1): 46–51. Selenggaraan CS1: Pelbagai nama: senarai pengarang (link) PMID 11180240
  19. 1 2 Some practices report adding Nasal Bone measurements and increasing the detection rate to 95% with a 2% False Positive Rate.
  20. ↑ NIH FASTER study (NEJM 2005 (353):2001). See also J.L. Simplson's editorial (NEJM 2005 (353):19).